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Ozempic (Semaglutide) Buyer and Patient Handbook in South Africa

What is Ozempic?

Ozempic is a once-weekly injectable (or, as specified, a pill formulation) containing the active ingredient semaglutide, classified as a GLP-1 receptor agonist for the management of type 2 diabetes. It helps lower blood glucose by enhancing insulin release and slowing gastric emptying. Ozempic is approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) and carries FDA and EMA clearances.

Who Should Use Ozempic?

• Adults with type 2 diabetes who need additional glucose control despite diet, exercise, and other oral agents.
• Individuals whose HbA1c remains above target (≥ 7 %).
• Patients aiming for modest weight reduction as an added benefit.

How Does It Work?

Semaglutide mimics the natural hormone GLP-1, binding to its receptors on pancreatic β-cells to boost insulin secretion only when blood sugar is high. It also reduces glucagon release and slows stomach emptying, which lessens post-meal glucose spikes. Think of it as a smart accelerator that only steps in when the engine (blood sugar) revs too high, keeping the ride smoother without causing hypoglycaemia on its own.

Why Choose Ozempic?

Ozempic offers a convenient once-weekly dosing schedule, which improves adherence compared with daily tablets. Clinical trials have shown significant reductions in HbA1c (up to 1.5 %) and body weight (average 4-6 kg) when added to standard therapy. If a lower-cost version is preferred, generic semaglutide formulations are available and meet strict bioequivalence standards.

Dosage, Administration, Lifestyle and Dietary Recommendations

Recommended Dosage

• Initiation: 3 mg weekly (to assess tolerance).
• Titration: Increase to 7 mg weekly after 4 weeks if glycaemic control is insufficient.
• Maximum: 14 mg weekly for patients needing further reduction.

How to Take

• Administer on the same day each week, preferably at the same time (e.g., Monday morning).
• If using the pill form, swallow whole with a glass of water; do not chew or split.
• No need to adjust timing with meals, but maintain a consistent routine.

Missed Dose

• If you realise a dose is missed within 5 days, take it as soon as you remember, then resume the regular schedule.
• If more than 5 days have passed, skip the missed dose and continue with the next scheduled dose; do not double-dose.

Overdose

• Seek emergency medical attention if you suspect an overdose (e.g., taking two doses at once).
• Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal Pain, or low blood sugar.

Special Populations

• Elderly: Start with the lowest dose; monitor kidney function closely.
• Renal impairment: Use with caution; dose adjustments may be required for eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m².
• Pregnancy & lactation: Generally avoided; discuss alternatives with your health professional.

Lifestyle & Diet

• Limit high-glycaemic foods; focus on fiber-rich vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains.
• Grapefruit juice can affect metabolism; avoid consuming large amounts.
• Moderate alcohol intake; excessive drinking may increase risk of hypoglycaemia when combined with other glucose-lowering agents.

Precautions and Warnings

• Monitor blood glucose regularly, especially during dose titration.
• Be aware of possible gastrointestinal upset; stay hydrated and consider small, frequent meals.
• Do not use if you have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.

Drug Interactions

Potential Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhoea
• Decreased appetite

Less Common Side Effects

• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Abdominal pain

Serious Side Effects

• Pancreatitis (severe abdominal pain, vomiting) - seek urgent care.
• Severe allergic reaction (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing) - call emergency services.

Who Should Avoid This Medication?

• Individuals with a known hypersensitivity to semaglutide or any product component.
• Patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
• Those with active gallbladder disease.

Storage Instructions

• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed.
• Store at 2 °C-8 °C (refrigerator); short-term room temperature (up to 30 °C) is acceptable for up to 14 days.
• Protect from direct sunlight and moisture; keep out of reach of children.

Ozempic Alternatives

Frequently Asked Questions

How quickly can I expect my blood sugar to improve?

Most patients notice a reduction in fasting glucose within 2-4 weeks of starting Ozempic.

Can I take Ozempic if I already use insulin?

Yes, but insulin doses often need to be lowered to avoid low blood sugar; consult your health professional for personalized guidance.

Is weight loss an expected benefit?

Clinical studies show an average loss of 4-6 kg after 6 months when combined with diet and exercise.

What should I do if I feel persistent nausea?

Try taking the dose with food, hydrate well, and discuss dose titration with your health professional if symptoms continue.

Does Ozempic affect blood pressure?

It may modestly lower blood pressure, especially in patients who lose weight; monitor your readings regularly.

Can I drink alcohol while using Ozempic?

Moderate consumption is generally safe, but excessive alcohol can increase hypoglycaemia risk, especially if you are also on insulin or sulfonylureas.

Will Ozempic interfere with my travel plans?

Its once-weekly dosing makes it travel-friendly; just keep the medication in a temperature-controlled environment and avoid extreme heat.

How is Ozempic different from other GLP-1 drugs?

Ozempic’s weekly schedule and its proven efficacy in both glucose reduction and weight loss set it apart, though individual response can vary.

Glossary

• GLP-1 receptor agonist: A drug class that mimics the gut hormone GLP-1 to enhance insulin secretion.
• HbA1c: A lab test indicating average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months; target is usually < 7 % for most adults.
• eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; a measure of kidney function.

Disclaimer

The information provided here is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. All off-label uses require discussion with a qualified health professional. Our platform offers convenient access to approved medicines, but the ultimate responsibility for safe and appropriate use lies with the individual. Always consult a health professional before starting, changing, or stopping any medication.